科研費基盤研究（A）23H00031、JSPS国際共同研究プログラムJPJSJRP20211705共催国際セミナー
国連「放牧地と遊牧民の国際年2026年」に向けて─遊牧民が直面する課題・これまでの取り組み・これからの可能性
[講演・質疑応答言語: 英語 ハイフレックス開催]
2024年5月11日（土）13:30-17:00
会場: 法政大学市ヶ谷キャンパス富士見ゲート校舎G601教室
この度標記科研費チームは、国連の「放牧地と遊牧民の国際年2026年（UN IYRP 2026）に向けて、遊牧民委員会・オックスフォード大学からゲストをお招きした国際セミナーを開催致します。持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）、世界の放牧地、遊牧民に関心のある方のご参加を歓迎致します。
2022年3月15日ニューヨークで開催された国連総会において、2026年を「放牧地と遊牧民の国際年」とすることが全会一致で宣言され、日本政府もこれに向けた動きを支持してきました。同宣言は、地球の地表面積の半分以上は放牧地が占めており、かつ、急速な砂漠化に苦しんでいることを指摘しました。また、放牧地と遊牧民は、現在各地域で緊急の課題に直面しており、SDGsの達成に向けて前進していくためには、持続可能な放牧地と遊牧の実現に向けた取り組みを急速に拡大する必要があることが承認されました。
遊牧民は世界から取り残されてきた人々です。日本では国連IYRP2026の認知度は低く、SDGs達成のために遊牧民と放牧地が果たす重要な役割も十分に認識されていません。同宣言では、遊牧は多様な生態系、文化、アイデンティティ、伝統的知識、自然と共存してきた歴史的経験と結びついた、ダイナミックで柔軟性に富んだ生業であると認められています。したがってIYRP2026年に向けて、放牧地と遊牧に関連する研究分野による学術的な対話を促進することが期待されています。
本セミナーでは、IYRP2016と関連する動きに関する2つの基調講演を行います。基調講演の講師は、国際人類学民族学科学連合遊牧民委員会の共同議長を務めておられ、またオックスフォード大学の地理学研究者としてモンゴルの遊牧民に焦点を当て、関連する学術的動向を主導してこられたアリエル・アハーン博士とトロイ・スタンバーグ博士です。両氏の講演に続き、気候変動と持続可能な開発に関して、東アフリカの遊牧民が現在直面している課題について補足的な講演を、最近レジリエンスについての学術書を共同編集した湖中真哉（静岡県立大学教授）が行います。
本セミナーが、「誰一人取り残さない」と誓うSDGsの実現のために重要な役割を果たすIYRP2026に日本の様々なアクターがどのように貢献できるかを考える機会となれば幸いです。
＊なお、本国際セミナーの前後（5/11と5/12の10:00-）にサイドイベントとしてセミクローズドの国際ワークショップが開催されます。詳細につきましては以下ウェブページに掲載される情報をご参照下さい。
■プログラム *詳細は変更になる場合がありますので、随時ホームページをご参照ください。
13:30-13:40: 開会挨拶
13:40-14:20: 講演1: アリエル・アハーン（オックスフォード大学講師）’Advancing Rights for Mobile Pastoralists and Nomadic Peoples: Opportunities and Limitations of the IYRP.’
14:20-14:40: 質疑応答 （ディスカッサント: 堀江正伸・青山学院大学教授)
14:40-14:50: 休憩
14:50-15:30: 講演2: トロイ・スタンバーグ（オックスフォード大学主任研究員）’Internationalising Pastoralist Interactions in the Year of Rangelands and Pastoralism (IYRP).’
15:30-15:50: 質疑応答(ディスカッサント: 古川光明・獨協大学教授)
15:50-16:00: 休憩
16:00-16:30: 講演3: 湖中真哉（静岡県立大学教授） ‘Situating UN SDGs in the Context of East African Pastoralism/Rangeland: Remarks from a Researcher in the Wake of the International Year of Rangeland Pastoralists 2026.’
16:30-16:50: 質疑応答 (ディスカッサント: 友松夕香・法政大学准教授)
16:50-17:00: 閉会挨拶
■参加方法
対面でのご参加は入場無料・事前予約不要・自由席先着順です。オンラインでのご参加をご希望の方は、以下のWebフォームより2024年5月3日（金）までにメールアドレス等を御送信ください。
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe7–5MOuEgRN1WhecQX7mNVVT7UthPKsURVPZNZUwZpbn9tg/viewform?usp=sf_link
■アクセス: 法政大学市ヶ谷キャンパス
https://www.hosei.ac.jp/ichigaya/access/
https://www.hosei.ac.jp/ichigaya/gaiyo/map/?auth=9abbb458a78210eb174f4bdd385bcf54
■お問い合わせ先: localizationtoafrica@gmail.com
■フライヤーは以下でご覧になれます
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jZZaGuc3txaD9Vo-TycH8dtV67xS2un8/view?usp=sharing
■要旨
Advancing Rights for Mobile Pastoralists and Nomadic Peoples: Opportunities and Limitations of the IYRP
Ariell Ahearn, Oxford University
Scholarship on mobile pastoralism has steadily explicated the forms of discrimination faced by mobile peoples globally. Representatives of Mobile Indigenous Peoples from around the world outlined ongoing rights violations and challenges they face during the 2022 Dana+20 meeting in Jordan. These include land fragmentation, exclusionary forms of development, forced sedentarization, involuntary resettlement and evictions, and cultural loss. These threats are exacerbated by the ongoing impacts of climate change on mobile livelihoods. The UN Declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples represents the minimum standards for states to uphold the rights of Indigenous Peoples. In many regions where there are Mobile Indigenous Peoples, States are failing to implement the Declaration to ensure the physical and cultural survival, dignity and well-being of Mobile Indigenous Peoples. In recent decades, many have been prevented from practicing the forms of mobility upon which their livelihoods and social systems are based. In some cases, Mobile Indigenous Peoples have been criminalized for practicing their traditional mobile ways of life and face discrimination from government institutions and the wider society. The Special Rapporteur on the rights of Indigenous Peoples at the United Nations is now investigating and writing a thematic report on the situation of Mobile Indigenous Peoples to be presented at the General Assembly in October this year. This paper will argue that the success of the IYRP (2026) depends on a commitment to including pastoralists in high-level meetings organised as part of the IYRP, and an endorsing of the principles of UNDRIP as the minimum standards of rights for Mobile Indigenous Peoples, including a right to practice mobile life-ways and support for their cultural, social and political rights.
Internationalising Pastoralist Interactions in the Year of Rangelands and Pastoralism (IYRP)
Troy Sternberg, Oxford University
Global pastoralism is an enduring livelihood strategy in marginal environments across the world’s desert and dryland regions. It’s key features – mobility, extensive livestock raising, rural communities and remoteness – separates herders from development discourses. New digital technologies and social media enable greater herder participation in public discussion and debate: information, engagement and opportunity follow. Though a universal livelihood and whilst the internet has no boundaries, intra-pastoralist interactions are constrained by borders, language, governments and ‘old’ thinking. Embracing innovative tools, enthusiasm and ease of communication can encourage a ‘new’ conception of a global herding community numbering in the tens of millions.
As a significant herding nation Mongolia’s support for 2026’s International Year of Rangeland and Pastoralists (IYRP) was key to its adoption by the United Nations (UN). The programme, coupled with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, provides a focal point and overdue recognition of the importance of global pastoralism. Though sharing a valued livelihood, global herders are separated by distance, neglect, conflict and scarcity. Challenges are endemic, localised and centred on climate, economics and continued sustainability. Yet the IYRP brings new attention that, with creativity and effort, can progress international pastoralist interaction.
Recent experience showcases pastoralists’ interest and enthusiasm for cooperation across countries and continents. In 2021 an International Virtual Conference of Pastoralists brought herders from Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Tanzania for a 3-hour interactive discussion. In 2022 the ‘Mobilities and Societies in Drylands’ project brought herders and researchers from Asia, Africa, Europe and America together for exchange and discussion. Similar efforts were manifest at the DANA Declaration +20 in Jordan. Today’s challenge is for researchers and countries, such as Japan and the UK, to embrace and maximise the IYRP to increase global understanding and awareness of local lives in the world’s dynamic pastoralist communities.
Situating UN SDGs in the Context of East African Pastoralism/Rangeland: Remarks from a Researcher in the Wake of the International Year of Rangeland Pastoralists 2026
Shinya Konaka, University of Shizuoka
This lecture aims to discuss UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of East African pastoralism/rangeland. It is fortunate that UN SDGs, which emphasize the imminent global climate crisis, have successfully attracted attention from a wide range of groups in Japan. Above all, Sub-Saharan Africa, where the ‘bottom billion’ live, has been the main target of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and subsequent SDGs. However, not much attention is paid to African pastoralists, who have incurred the most serious damages caused by global climate change. In fact, they have been suffering from environmental deteriorations resulting from the CO2 emission caused by the global north. In these regard, it is critically important that UN International Year of Rangeland and Pastoralist (IYRP) 2026 declare that rangeland and pastoralists are keystones for achieving SDGs.
It should be noted, however, that additional challenges lie ahead for African pastoralists, not in spite of, but because of, sustainable development. This lecture draws on case studies from Samburu County in Kenya related to forest evictions of pastoralists and foragers and displacement resulting from the land subdivision policy implemented in the recent years. Once sustainable development and environment conservation is noted, the human rights of pastoralists and nomadic peoples are easily ignored. Even when the practices of pastoralists and nomadic peoples have benefited the sustainability of their environment, their good practices have been overlooked and even labelled as ‘environmental destroyers’. What has been done and brought by actors external to pastoralist communities for sustainable development and environmental conservation has at times created ‘secondary impacts’ of climate change and exacerbated the situation of pastoralists. It has been driven by what we refer to as ‘climate narratives.’ Therefore, African pastoralists are facing a dual challenge, the direct effect of climate change and the secondary effect of climate narratives.
The outcomes of this study make it clear that the UN SDGs and IYRP 2026 should apply a more holistic approach, prioritizing the human rights and livelihood needs of pastoralists and nomads, who are inseparable from rangelands, rather than enforcing narrow-minded environmental policies that separate pastoralists and nomads from rangeland and ignore their vital role in environmental protection.